ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN FREKUENSI ISPA PADA BALITA DI LINGKUNGAN PEMUKIMAN TAMBANG PASIR

Abstract

ABSTRAK

 Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia karena tingkat kejadian yang tinggi pada anak-anak, terutama pada bayi. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara faktor-faktor kondisi rumah, dan lingkungan dengan frekuensi ISPA pada Balita di pemukiman lingkungan penambangan pasir. Disain Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitis   dengan pendekatan cross- sectional.  Populasi penelitian adalah ibu-ibu di pemukiman lingkungan penambangan pasir yang memiliki balita (berusia 1-5 tahun) yang menderita infeksi pernapasan. Sampel dari 30 ibu diambil menggunakan simple random sampling.  Variabel usia  gudang independen,  status gizi,  status imunisasi,  dan  riwayat menyusui.    Variabel tergantung adalah frekuensi ARI. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi Square, sedangkan perilaku ibu dalam pengobatan ISPA dan pencegahan polusi di rumah dan kondisi fisik rumah, dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rho (p = <0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara faktor host dengan frekuensi ARI dengan status gizi (p = 0,024), status imunisasi (p = 0,000), riwayat menyusui (p = 0,030), perilaku ibu dalam perawatan anak-anak dengan ISPA (p = 0,005, r = -0.548), tindakan ibu dalam pencegahan ISPA (p = 0,014, r = -0.444); faktor lingkungan dan polusi rumah (p = 0,003, r = 0.523), dan kondisi fisik rumah (p = 0,004, r=- 0.512) dan tidak berhubungan adalah umur (p = 0,524). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan Perawat kesehatan  harus  lebih  aktif  dalam  melakukan  promotif,  preventif  dan  penanganan  kejadian  ISPA  dalam lingkungan penambangan pasir karena rendahnya kesadaran ibu dan anggota keluarga dalam bersih dan perilaku hidup  sehat  karena  ada  hubungan  yang  signifikan  dengan  pelaksanaan  ISPA  dan  polusi  di  rumah  untuk mengurangi risiko infeksi pernapasan pada bayi.

Kata-kata Kunci: ARI, frekuensi ISPA, penambangan pasir.

THE ANALYSIS OF FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH ARI FREQUENCY IN UNDER FIVE YEARS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SETTLEMENT OF SAND MINING

ABSTRACT

The disease of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is one of the main health problems in Indonesia due to its high incidence rate in children, particularly in infants. The aimed to of this research analyze the relationship between host factors, and the environment with the frequency of ARI in under five years in the settlement of sand mining environment. This research used descriptive analytic, design with cross-sectional approach. The population of this research was mothers in the settlement of sand mining environment that has toddlers (1-5 years old) who are suffering from respiratory infection. Sample of 30 mothers was taken using simple random sampling. Variabel independent ware age, nutritional status, immunization status, and history of breast feeding, while, variabel dependent was frequency of ARI. The data was analized  used Chi Square statistical test (α = 0.05), while maternal behavior in the treatment of ARI and pollution prevention at home and the  home physical condition, was analized used Spearman Rho test (p = <0.05). The results showed that there was a relationship between host factors with a frequency of ARI with nutritional status (p = 0,024), immunization status (p = 0.000), history of breast-feeding (p = 0.030), maternal behavior in the care of children with ARI (p = 0.005, r =-0,548), the action of mother in the prevention of ARI (p = 0.014, r = -0,444) and the unrelated was age (p = 0.524). The statistic result environment factor was the pollution in home (p = 0.003, r = 0,523), and the physical condition of home (p = 0.004, r = -0,512). Based on the result of this research, it is hoped that health Nurse should be more active in conducting promotive, preventive and handling the incidence of ARI in the settlement of sand mining environment due to the low awareness of mothers and family members in a clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors because there is a significant relationship with the implementation of ARI and pollution in home to reduce the risk of respiratory infection in infants.

 Keyword: ARI, frequency of respiratory infections, environtmental settlement, sand mining