PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN DIRI BERBASIS TEORI SELF CARE TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA KLIEN HIPERTENSI

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Tekanan darah tinggi adalah suatu peningkatan tekanan darah di dalam arteri. Klien hipertensi sering mengalami ketidakpatuhan terapi atau pengobatan, merubah gaya hidup dan adanya komplikasi akibat hipertensi. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh selfcare yang kurang baik. Tahun 2016 di Jawa Timur menduduki angka 33,9%, adapun kasus yang terjadi di Puskesmas Pacarkeling sebanyak 1584 orang tiap tahunnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pengendalian diri berbasis teori self care terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi. Desaign dalam penelitian ini adalah  quasy eksperiment dengan pre post test design. Subyek dalam  penelitian ini  yaitu 30 klien yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok , 15 orang kelompok kontrol dn 15 orang kelompok perlakuan. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah intervensi pengendalian diri berbasis self care yang diberikan satu kali. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan tekanan darah. Tekanan darah diukur sebelum dan 7 hari setelah perlakuan. Analisis statistic yang digunakan yaitu wilcoxon sign rank test Mann-Whitney (p ≤ 0,05). Hasil Penelitian Katagori tekanan darah  pada kelompok perlakuan sebelum dilakukan intervensi 12 klien mengalami hipertensi stage 1, 2 hipertensi stage 2  dan 1 prehipertensi, setelah diberikan intervensi 13 klien prehipertensi, dan 2 klien hipertensi stage 1. Katagori tekanan darah  pada kelompok kontrol sebelum dilakukan intervensi 11 klien mengalami hipertensi stage 1, dan 4 klien prehipertensi, setelah diberikan intervensi 13 klien prehipertensi, dan 2 klien hipertensi stage 1 dan 1 klien  hipertensi stage 2. Ada pengaruh intervensi pengendalian diri terhadap tekanan darah p = 0,000 (α ≤ 0,05), yakni intervensi pengendalian diri menurunkan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan klien hipertensi melaksanakan pengendalian diri berbasis self care dan mentaati anjuran yang diberikan oleh tenaga kesehatan.

Kata Kunci : Pengendalian diri, Selfcare, Hipertensi, Perubahan Tekanan Darah

THE EFFECT OF SELF CONTROL  BASED ON SELF CARE OF BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES IN HYPERTENSION CLIENTS

ABSTRACT

High blood pressure is an increase in blood pressure in the arteries. Clients with hypertension often experience non-compliance with therapy or medication, lifestyle changes and complications due to hypertension. One of the factors that play a role in this can be caused by poor self-care. In 2016, East Java occupied 33.9%, as for cases that occurred at Pacarkeling Health Center as many as 1584 people each year. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-control based on self-care theory on changes in blood pressure in hypertensive clients. The design in this study is a quasy experiment with a pre post test design. The subjects in this study were 30 clients selected by purposive sampling, which were divided into two groups, 15 people in the control group and 15 in the treatment group. The independent variable in this research is self-care based self-control intervention which is given once. The dependent variable in this study is changes in blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured before and 7 days after treatment. The statistical analysis used was the Wilcoxon sign rank Mann-Whitney test (p ≤ 0.05). Research Results Blood pressure categories in the treatment group before the intervention 12 clients experienced stage 1 hypertension, 2 stage 2 hypertension and 1 prehypertension, after being given the intervention 13 clients with prehypertension, and 2 clients with stage 1 hypertension. Blood pressure categories in the control group before intervention 11 clients with stage 1 hypertension, and 4 clients with prehypertension, after being given intervention 13 clients with prehypertension, and 2 clients with stage 1 hypertension and 1 client with stage 2 hypertension. There is an effect of self-control intervention on blood pressure p = 0.000 (α ≤ 0.05), namely self-control intervention to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive clients. The results of this study suggest that clients with hypertension carry out self-care based self-control and obey the recommendations given by health workers.

Keywords: Self-control, Selfcare, Hypertension, Changes in Blood Pressure