PENERIMAAN DIRI DAN EFEK SAMPING KEMOTERAPI PADA KLIEN KANKER PAYUDARA YANG MENJALANI KEMOTERAPI DI RUMAH SAKIT ONKOLOGI SURABAYA
Abstract
Kemoterapi adalah terapi untuk membunuh sel-sel kanker dengan obat-obat anti kanker (sitostatika). Obat kemoterapi tidak hanya membunuh sel kanker, tetapi juga membunuh sel sehat. Sehingga kemoterapi dapat menimbulkan efek samping baik fisik maupun psikologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan antara penerimaan diri dengan efek samping kemoterapi pada klien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi yang meliputi mual, muntah, kecemasan dan kadarleukosit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskripsi korelasional. Subyek dalam penelitian adalah30klien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi yang dipilih secara aksidental sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah peneriman diri dan variabel tergantung adalah efeksamping kemoterapi. Alat pengumpul data berupa8 butir kuesioner peneriaman, 2 kuesioner mual, 2 kuesioner muntah, 14 kuesioner kecemasan dan lembar observasi kadar leukosit. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik statistic korelasi Spearman Rank Rho, dengan bantuan SPSS versi23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan klien kanker memiliki penerimaan diri rendah 50%, mual grade tiga 36,7% ; muntah grade I-III 336,7%; kadar leukosit normal 36,7% dan 50% mengalami kecemasan sangat berat. Analisis statistik menunjukkan ada hubungan antara penerimaan diri dengan mual (p = 0,001), muntah (p = 0,001), kecemasan (p = 0,001) dan kadar leukosit (p = 0,001). Artinya semakin tinggi penerimaan diri klien kanker, semakin berkurang efek samping kemoterapi seperti mual, muntah, kecemasan dan kadar leukosit semakin baik Temuan ini menyarankan perlunya penyuluhan pada klien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi untukpemikiran yang positif dan realistik agar penerimaan diri lebih baik.
Kata Kunci :PenerimaanDiri, Mual, Muntah, Kadar Leukosit, Kecemasan
SELF ACCEPTANCE AND SIDE EFFECTS OF BREAST CANCER CLIENTS THROUGH CHEMOTHERAPY AT ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL SURABAYA
ABSTRACT
One of the treatment of breast cancer is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a therapy to kill cancer cells with anti-cancer drugs (sitostatika). Chemotherapy drugs not only kill cancer cells, but also kill healthy cells. So chemotherapy have side effects both physical and psychological. Clients who can not accept themselves will feel insignificant, useless, so will increasingly feel aliniated and isolated from environment. If the clients does not hav a good self-acceptance so that stress can aggravate his physical condition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-acceptance with side effects of chemotherapy on breast cancer clients who having chemotherapy that included nausea, vomiting, anxiety and leukocyte levels. The study was conducted on clients breast cancerat who having chemotherapy in Surabaya Oncology Hospital with 30 subject of research. The quetionniresconsist of 8 points of self acceptance questionnaires, 2 pointsof nausea questionnaires, 2 points of vomiting questionnaires, 14 points of anxiety questionnaires anda leukocyte observation sheet. Analyse data used Spearman Rank Rho Correlation by SPSS version 23. Based on the result of research, showed that there was a correlation between nausea (r = -0,0,846 p = 0,001), vomitting (r = -0,772 p = 0,001), anxiety (r = -0,694 p = 0,001) dan leukocyte (r = 0,675 p = 0,001). It’s mean that the higher self acceptance, the less nausea, vomitting, anxiety and the higher the self acceptance, the leukocyte level better. Client with breast cancer who having chemotherapy can increase their self aceptance by accept their deficit and excess and have a realistic thinking. The better self aceptance will decrease side effect of chemotherapy.
Keywords: Self-Acceptance, Side Effects of Chemotherapy, Nausea, Vomiting, Leukocyte Levels, Anxiety
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Addass, P. A., David, I. Edward, A. Zira dan Midak. 2012. Effect of age, sex and management system on some haematological parameters of intensively and semi-intensively kept chicken in Mubi. Adamawa State, Nigeria. Iranian J. of App. Anim. Sci. 2(3) : 277-28
American Cancer Society, 2013. Chemoterapy PrinciplesAtlanta. https://www.cancer.org/ Diakses 18 Oktober 2017
Atiqur Rehman, S. F. K. (2015). Prevalence and Level of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Ann. Pak. Inst. Med. Sci., 11(2), 81–86
Azwar, S. 2010. Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar
Chairun nisa 2016. Hubungan Tingkat Stres Dengan Konsumsi Makan Dan Status Gizi Pada Siswa Kelas X Di Sma Negeri 1 Teras Boyolali. Journal. Surakarta : Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Corwin, Elizabeth J..(2009).Buku Saku Patofisiologi Corwin. Jakarta:Aditya Media
Desiani. (2008). Gambaran tingkat kecemasan pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi Di Rsud Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung Yang Telah Menerapkan Spiritual Care. Diperoleh pada tanggal 5 mei 2018 dari http://pustaka.unpad.ac.id/archives/128582
Frankel, J.P & Wallen N.E. 2008. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. New York : Mc.Graw-Hill Companies, Inc
Golden, S.H., Lazo, M., Carnethon, M., Bertoni, A.G., Schreiner, P.J., Roux, A.V., Lee, H. B., & Lyketsos, C. (2008). Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes.Journal of the American Medical Association, 299, 2751−2759.
Hesketh PJ. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Drug therapy. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2482-94.
Hurlock. 2008. Psikologi Perkembangan. Jakarta : Erlangga Press
Iskandarsyah, aulia. 2013.Non-Adherence in Indonesian Woman with Breast Cancer and ItsDeterminants. Bandung: OASE Publishing House. Kang, Kyung-Ah, Miller, Jean R,Won-Hee Lee.Psychological Response to Terminal Illness and Eventual Death in Koreans With Cancer.Research and Theory fo Nursing Practice 20.1. Spring; 2006: 29-47.
Love, R.L., Leventhal, H., Easterling, D.V., Nerenz. D.R. Side Effects and Emotional Distress During Cancer Chemotherapy. Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center. 1989. 63:604-12
Nisman, W. A. (2011).Lima menit kenali payudara anda. Yogyakarta: Andi Yogyakarta
Nursalam. 2013. KonsepPenerapan Metode Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Jakarta : salemba Medika
Padoli, (2011). The effect of emotional quality management on stress, and optimism in women with breast cancer. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 47(4)page :234 - 239
Prawira, M. A. (2012). Gambaran komplikasi oral pada pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi di Badan Layanan Umum RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Program Studi Kedokteran Gigi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
Price, SA, Wilson, LM. 2012. Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit edisi ke 6. Jakarta : EGC
Ricci MS. 2006. Chemotherapeitic Approach for Targeting Cell Death Pathways The Oncologist
Riskesdas. (2013). Riset kesehatan daerah. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Rizkiana, U & Retnaningsih. (2008). Self Acceptance In Adolescent Patients Leukimia. Skripsi pada Universitas Gunadarma: tidak diterbitkan
Rotty. Linda., Haroen. Harlinda & Tanriono. Syendi., (2014). Breast cancer Histopathology. Vol. 2, No. 1.
Scheier, M , Carver, C.,. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review, 879-889
Tobias, J & Hochhauser, D. 2010. Cancer and its Managemen 6th Edition, Willey-Blackwell Publishing, London, 107 – 120
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.